This research paper examines the intersection of ecocriticism and English literature across historical and contemporary periods, with particular emphasis on how literary texts engage with, critique, and respond to ecological concerns in the age of the Anthropocene. Ecocriticism, as a formal discipline, emerged in the late twentieth century as a critical framework dedicated to analyzing the relationship between literature, culture, and the natural environment. Drawing upon the foundational theoretical contributions of scholars such as Cheryll Glotfelty, Harold Fromm, Lawrence Buell, Jonathan Bate, and Timothy Morton, this paper traces the evolution of ecological consciousness in English literature from Romantic poetry to twenty-first century fiction. The paper argues that literature has consistently functioned not merely as a passive mirror of societal attitudes toward nature, but as an active agent of ecological awareness, ethical transformation, and environmental advocacy. From Wordsworth's reverence for the natural world in "Lines Written in Early Spring" and "Tintern Abbey" to Margaret Atwood's dystopian imaginations, Amitav Ghosh's postcolonial ecologies, and the ecocritical dimensions of postcolonial writers such as Chinua Achebe, Arundhati Roy, and Ngugi Wa Thiong'o, English literature offers a rich repository of environmental reflection and critique. The paper further explores the concept of the Anthropocene as both a geological and cultural marker, arguing that the unprecedented scale of twenty-first century ecological disruption — encompassing climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss, ocean acidification, and rising sea levels — demands a renewed engagement with literary representations of nature. By situating ecocriticism within this broader context, the paper demonstrates how literary analysis can contribute to environmental education, activism, and the cultivation of ecological ethics. The research concludes that ecocriticism, far from being a narrowly academic enterprise, is a vital instrument for reshaping cultural narratives and fostering the kind of ecological consciousness that the contemporary world urgently requires.