Exploresearch (ISSN: 3048-815X) ( Vol. 03 | No. 2 | April - June, 2026 )

A Prisma Review of Loss Aversion, Overconfidence, Herd, Confirmation, Anchoring, Availability, Mental and Regret Bias on Investors Decision Making: A Vos-Viewer Analysis

Author: Prasenjit Roy & Prof. S. K. Singh

Purpose: This study aims to present an all-inclusive knowledge mapping and depth analysis of behavioral bias effects on investment decisions to recognize the global trends and flows in this field that appeared in between JAN 2002 to APR2024. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study analyzed 55 documents listed in the International Scopus Database related to Behavioral Biases and Investment Decision-Making. The knowledge mapping by utilizing VOSviewer shows the analyzed results, which come from Co-occurrence analysis, Co-citation analysis, Citation Analysis, Keyword analysis, and Bibliometric Coupling analysis. Findings: The analysis found that (i)Overconfidence Bias and Herding Bias are the two topmost studied biases among the researchers, (ii)Before screening the article, USA and UK found out as the top countries contributed in the field, however after screening process, Pakistan and India identified as the top countries that contributed heavily in this field. (iii) the upward trend was noticed after 2015-16 in this field of study through overlay visualization. (iv) Kahneman David, Tversky Amos, and Odean Terrence are the most renounced authors found. (v)Nine out of Ten most renounced authors come from the USA. Not surprisingly, behavioral Bias is a crucial topic in investment decision-making and cannot be denied. However, Loss aversion Bias, Mentality Bias, Regret Bias, and Anchoring Bias require more attention in future research. Originality/Value: the present work is unique in its way of contribution, and to the best of the researchers’ knowledge this study will be as a guide to the future study of behavioral biases effect in investment decision-making subjective field.

Roy, P. & Singh, S. (2026). A Prisma Review of Loss Aversion, Overconfidence, Herd, Confirmation, Anchoring, Availability, Mental and Regret Bias on Investors Decision Making: A Vos-Viewer Analysis. Exploresearch, 03(01), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.62823/ExRe/2026/03/02.219

  1. Abreu, M. (2019). How biased is the behavior of the individual investor in warrants? Research in International Business and Finance, 47, 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2018.07.006
  2. Ahmad, F. (2020). Personality Traits as predictor of cognitive biases: Moderating role of risk attitude. Quantitative Research in Financial Markets, 12(4), 465–484. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-10-2019-0123
  3. Al Faruq, M. S. S., Sunoko, A., Ibda, H., & Wahyudi, K. (2023). Digital Learning Management using OpenAI ChatGPT: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(12), 21–41. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.12.2
  4. Almansour, B. Y., & Arabyat, Y. A. (2017). INVESTMENT DECISION MAKING AMONG GULF INVESTORS: BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE PERSPECTIVE. International Journal of Management Studies, 24. https://doi.org/10.32890/ijms.24.1.2017.10476
  5. Almansour, B. Y., Elkrghli, S., & Almansour, A. Y. (2023). Behavioral finance factors and investment decisions: A mediating role of risk perception. Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(2), 2239032. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2239032
  6. Bao, H. X. H., & Li, S. H. (2016). Overconfidence and real estate Research: A Review of the Literature. Singapore Economic Review, 61(4), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590816500156
  7. Barber, B., & Odean, T. (2000). Trading is Hazardous to your wealth: The common stock investment performance of individual investors. Journal of Finance, 55(2), 773–806. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00226
  8. Benayad, K., & Aasari, R. (2023). Behavioural Bias and Investment Decision of SMEs Management. International Journal of Financial Studies, 11(120). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11040120
  9. Berthet, V. (2022). The Impact of Cognitive Biases on Professionals’ Decision-Making: A Review of Four Occupational Areas. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 802439. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.802439
  10. Bhatia, A., Chandani, A., & Chhateja, J. (2020). Robo advisory and its potential in addressing the behavioral biases of investors—A qualitative study in Indian context. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 25, 100281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100281
  11. Bihari, A., Dash, M., Muduli, K., Kumar, A., Mulat, W. E., & Luthra, S. (2023). Does Cognitive Biased Knowledge Influence Investment Decision? An Empirical Investigation using Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Network. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management System. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-08-2022-0253
  12. Bikhchandani, S., & Sharma, S. (2001). Herd Behavior in Financial Market. IMF STAFF PAPERS, International Monetary Fund, 47(3), 279–310.
  13. Birnbaum, M. H., & Schmidt, U. (2008). An experimental investigation of violations of transitivity in choice under uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 37(1), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11166-008-9043-z
  14. Blasco, N., Corredor, P., & Ferreruela, S. (2012). Does herding affect volatility? Implications for the Spanish stock market. Quantitative Finance, 12(2), 311–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697688.2010.516766
  15. Bouteska, A., Harasheh, M., & Abedin, M. Z. (2023). Revisiting overconfidence in investment decision-making: Further evidence from the U.S. market. Research in International Business and Finance, 66, 102028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.102028
  16. Bouteska, A., & Regaieg, B. (2020). Loss Aversion, Overconfidence of Investors, and their impact on market performance evidence from the US Stock market. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 25(50), 451–478. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-07-2017-0081
  17. Budescu, D. V., & Du, N. (2007). Coherence and Consistency of Investors Probability Judgements. Management Science, 53(11), 1731–1744. https://doi.org/10.1287/1070.0727
  18. Che Hassan, N., Abdul-Rahman, A., Mohd Amin, S. I., & Ab Hamid, S. N. (2023). Investment Intention and Decision Making: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda. Sustainability, 15(5), 3949. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15053949
  19. Chen, G., Kim, K. A., Nofsinger, J. R., & Rui, O. M. (2007). Trading performance, disposition effect, overconfidence, representativeness bias, and experience of emerging market investors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 20(4), 425–451. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.561
  20. Chen, T. (2013). Do Investors Herd in Global Stock Markets? Journal of Behavioral Finance, 14(3), 230–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427560.2013.819804
  21. Chen, X., Wang, Z., Deng, S., & Fang, Y. (2017). Risk measure optimization: Perceived risk and overconfidence of structured product investors. Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization, 13(5), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3934/jimo.2018105
  22. Chen, Y., & Ma, X. (2009). Age Difference in risky decisions. Educ Gerontal, 35(7), 575–586. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270802605291
  23. Combrink, S., & Lew, C. (2020). Potential underdog bias, overconfidence and risk propensity in investor decision-making behaviour. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 21(4), 337–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427560.2019.1692843
  24. Da Silva, Barbosa, J., & Labres, S. (2022). Heuristics in the Decision Making of High School Students when faced with Financial Situations. Revista Brasileira de Educacao, 27. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-24782022270098
  25. Daniel, K., Hirshleifer, D., & Subrahmanyam, A. (1998). Investor Psychology and Security Market Under‐ and Overreactions. The Journal of Finance, 53(6), 1839–1885. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00077
  26. Dittrich, D., Guth, W., & Maciejovsky, B. (2005). Overconfidence In Investment Decision: An Experimental Approach. European Journal of Finance, 11(6), 471–491. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847042000255643
  27. Fadhel, M. A., Duhaim, A. M., Saihood, A., Sewify, A., Al-Hamadani, M. N. A., Albahri, A. S., Alzubaidi, L., Gupta, A., Mirjalili, S., & Gu, Y. (2024). Comprehensive systematic review of information fusion methods in smart cities and urban environments. Information Fusion, 107, 102317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2024.102317
  28. Fernández, B., Garcia‐Merino, T., Mayoral, R., Santos, V., & Vallelado, E. (2011). Herding, information uncertainty and investors’ cognitive profile. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 3(1), 7–33. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554171111124595
  29. Fogel, S. O. C., & Berry, T. (2010). The Disposition Effect and Individual Investors Decisions: The Roles of regret and Counterfactual Alternatives. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 7(2), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15427579jpfm0702_5
  30. Fong, P. S. C., & Wyer, R. S. (2003). Cultural, social, and emotional determinants of decision under uncertainty. Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Process, 90(2), 304–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-5978(02)00528-9
  31. García‐Sánchez, I., & García‐Meca, E. (2018). Do talented managers invest more efficiently? The moderating role of corporate governance mechanisms. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 26(4), 238–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12233.

DOI:

Article DOI: 10.62823/ExRe/2026/03/02.219

Download Full Paper: